ADHD Across the World

ADHD Across the World: ACEs, Parenting, and What Clinicians Need to Know

ADHD affects millions globally. Research indicates that about 8% of children and adolescents and 3% of adults worldwide meet criteria for ADHD (Faraone et al., 2021, PubMed

). In the UK, nearly 2.5 million people may have ADHD, yet only a third have a formal diagnosis (FT, 2025).

The Role of ACEs

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) significantly increase the risk of ADHD. Children with multiple ACEs are more than three times as likely to be diagnosed, and higher ACE scores often predict more severe symptoms (Danese et al., 2017, PubMed

; Kelly et al., 2023, PubMed). Clinicians should incorporate ACE screening into ADHD assessments to address trauma and tailor interventions effectively.

Parenting Approaches Matter

Parenting style strongly influences ADHD outcomes. Warm, consistent, and supportive parenting is linked to better emotional regulation and reduced behavioral challenges, whereas authoritarian or highly critical approaches tend to worsen symptoms (Konrad et al., 2024, MDPI). Guidance and coaching for parents can therefore be an essential part of ADHD management.